One Lucky Soul: Big Cat Hybrids

Big Cat Hybrids by Omar Cherif, One Lucky Soul

When Big Cats happen to mingle, they can sometimes mate and produce
a wide variety of hybrids. The reasons hybrids exist vary from profit,
to scientific research to accidental, but rare, work of nature.  Here are
some interesting Big Cat facts and photos.   

Four of the five living species of the Panthera genus — the lion (P. leo),
jaguar (P. onca), leopard (P. pardus), and tiger (P. tigris) — may produce
a number of hybrid crosses. Due to its isolated habitat and lack of
cross-breeding data of captive specimens, the fifth member of the genus,
the snow leopard (P. uncia), is usually kept out of the equation.

   The ability to hybridise is partly associated with how closely species
are related to each other.  

According to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis, tigers are more
closely related to snow leopards than to lions, leopards and jaguars.
Lions, leopards and jaguars are more closely related to each other than
to tigers.  

The common ancestors of lions, leopards and jaguars split from other
cats around 4.3 to 3.8 million years ago; while the common ancestors
of tigers and snow leopards evolved around 3.9 million years ago.  

The ancestor of jaguars evolved around 3.6 to 2.5 million years ago;
while tigers began to evolve into a unique species around 3.2 million
years ago.  

Lions and leopards split from one another about 3.1 to 1.95 million
years ago.  

While lions, leopards, and jaguars all form viable hybrids with each other,
the tiger has only formed viable hybrids with the lion (tiger/leopard matings
resulted in aborted foetuses).   None of the species have been mated to
the extremely rare snow leopard — captive snow leopards are part of
conservation programmes and therefore not available for frivolous
cross-breeding.

Another related article here on One Lucky Soul is Why Cats Are Not Dogs,
in which the differences between both animals in terms of domestication
and genetics are explored, answering the question: What led felines to
remain more wild?

There is also the more lighthearted Why Do Cats Give Massages?

Hercules the Liger is currently THE biggest cat in the world,
weighing over 1,100 lbs (about half a ton).

A gorgeous male Liger

A tiger, a liger and a lion side by side. You can clearly
see how the stripes of the tiger are more 'washed out' on the liger,
and that his fur colour is midway between the parents.
A liger cub (left) and a huge grown liger (right).

Kiara was born to 8-year-old female liger, Zita, and male
African lion, Samson. Male tiglons and ligers are sterile,
but female hybrids can produce cubs.
Baby liliger Kiara is the first hybrid cross between
a male lion and a ligress (hybrid of tiger and lion).

Lion cubs with their roaring father. Adult male lions usually
weigh between 330-550 lb (150-250 kg).

Compared to Ligers, we can say Tigons are their opposite: They have
a tiger father and lioness mother. Also referred to as Tiglons or Tions,
the big cats often carry marks from both parents. Though unlike Ligers,
they are usually no bigger than their parents — weighing about 400 lb
(180 kilos). The breeding of ligers (lion father/tigress mother) has always
been easily accomplished, both by accident and design.

Tigons, on the other hand, are extremely difficult to breed and significantly rare.

Leopons are hybrids resulting from the crossing of a male leopard with
a lioness. The head of the animal is similar to that of a lion while the rest
of the body carries similarities to leopards. These hybrids are produced
in captivity and are unlikely to occur in the wild.

A Jaglion is a cross between a jaguar and a lion. This mesmerising black
beauty is a female called Jahzara who was born in Canada. Her father
was a jaguar and her mother a lioness. The brighter jaglion who grew up
with her as a cub is Tsunami.

At the Alipore Zoo in India, a female tiglon named Rudhrani, born in 1971,
was successfully mated to an Asiatic Lion named Debabrata.
The rare, second generation hybrid was called a Litigon. Rudhrani
produced seven litigons in her lifetime; some of which reached impressive
sizes — a litigon named Cubanacan (died 1991) weighed at least 363
kilograms (800 lb), stood 1.32 meters (4.3 ft) at the shoulder,
and was 3.5 meters (11 ft) in total length.

Reflecting on being different

Now to the infamous white lion, which is no a distinct subspecies; but rather, a special morph with a genetic condition, leucism, causing paler colouration similar to that of the white tiger. The condition is close to melanism, which is the reason behind the existence of black panthers. Having normal pigmentation in the eyes and skin, white lions are NOT albinos — as it is claimed sometimes.